
# **AppName<span></span>-install.sh Scripts**

 `AppName-install.sh` scripts found in the `/install` directory. These scripts are responsible for the installation of the application. For this guide we take `/install/snipeit-install.sh` as example.

## Table of Contents

- [**AppName-install.sh Scripts**](#appname-installsh-scripts)
  - [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
  - [1. **File header**](#1-file-header)
    - [1.1 **Shebang**](#11-shebang)
    - [1.2 **Comments**](#12-comments)
    - [1.3 **Variables and function import**](#13-variables-and-function-import)
  - [2. **Variable naming and management**](#2-variable-naming-and-management)
    - [2.1 **Naming conventions**](#21-naming-conventions)
  - [3. **Dependencies**](#3-dependencies)
    - [3.1 **Install all at once**](#31-install-all-at-once)
    - [3.2 **Collapse dependencies**](#32-collapse-dependencies)
  - [4. **Paths to application files**](#4-paths-to-application-files)
  - [5. **Version management**](#5-version-management)
    - [5.1 **Install the latest release**](#51-install-the-latest-release)
    - [5.2 **Save the version for update checks**](#52-save-the-version-for-update-checks)
  - [6. **Input and output management**](#6-input-and-output-management)
    - [6.1 **User feedback**](#61-user-feedback)
    - [6.2 **Verbosity**](#62-verbosity)
  - [7. **String/File Manipulation**](#7-stringfile-manipulation)
    - [7.1 **File Manipulation**](#71-file-manipulation)
  - [8. **Security practices**](#8-security-practices)
    - [8.1 **Password generation**](#81-password-generation)
    - [8.2 **File permissions**](#82-file-permissions)
  - [9. **Service Configuration**](#9-service-configuration)
    - [9.1 **Configuration files**](#91-configuration-files)
    - [9.2 **Credential management**](#92-credential-management)
    - [9.3 **Enviroment files**](#93-enviroment-files)
    - [9.4 **Services**](#94-services)
  - [10. **Cleanup**](#10-cleanup)
    - [10.1 **Remove temporary files**](#101-remove-temporary-files)
    - [10.2 **Autoremove and autoclean**](#102-autoremove-and-autoclean)
  - [11. **Best Practices Checklist**](#11-best-practices-checklist)
    - [Example: High-Level Script Flow](#example-high-level-script-flow)

## 1. **File header**

### 1.1 **Shebang**

- Use `#!/usr/bin/env bash` as the shebang.

```bash
#!/usr/bin/env bash
```

### 1.2 **Comments**

- Add clear comments for script metadata, including author, copyright, and license information.
- Use meaningful inline comments to explain complex commands or logic.

Example:

```bash
# Copyright (c) 2021-2025 community-scripts ORG
# Author: [YourUserName]
# License: MIT | https://github.com/community-scripts/ProxmoxVE/raw/main/LICENSE
# Source: [SOURCE_URL]
```

> [!NOTE]:
>
> - Add your username
> - When updating/reworking scripts, add "| Co-Author [YourUserName]"
> - Source is a URL of github repo containting source files of the application you're installing (not URL of your homepage or a blog)

### 1.3 **Variables and function import**

- This sections adds the support for all needed functions and variables.

```bash
source /dev/stdin <<<"$FUNCTIONS_FILE_PATH"
color
verb_ip6
catch_errors
setting_up_container
network_check
update_os
```

---

## 2. **Variable naming and management**

### 2.1 **Naming conventions**

- Use uppercase names for constants and environment variables.
- Use lowercase names for local script variables.

Example:

```bash
DB_NAME=snipeit_db    # Environment-like variable (constant)
db_user="snipeit"     # Local variable
```

---

## 3. **Dependencies**

### 3.1 **Install all at once**

- Install all dependencies with a single command if possible

Example:

```bash
$STD apt-get install -y \
  composer \
  git \
  nginx 
```

### 3.2 **Collapse dependencies**

Collapse dependencies to keep the code readable.

Example:
Use

```bash
php8.2-{bcmath,common,ctype}
```

instead of

```bash
php8.2-bcmath php8.2-common php8.2-ctype
```

---

## 4. **Paths to application files**

If possible install the app and all necessary files in `/opt/`

---

## 5. **Version management**

### 5.1 **Install the latest release**

- Always try and install the latest release
- Do not hardcode any version if not absolutely necessary

Example for a git release:

```bash
RELEASE=$(curl -fsSL https://api.github.com/repos/snipe/snipe-it/releases/latest | grep "tag_name" | awk '{print substr($2, 3, length($2)-4) }')
curl -fsSL "https://github.com/snipe/snipe-it/archive/refs/tags/v${RELEASE}.zip" -o "v${RELEASE}.zip"
```

### 5.2 **Save the version for update checks**

- Write the installed version into a file.
- This is used for the update function in **AppName.sh** to check for if a Update is needed.

Example:

```bash
echo "${RELEASE}" >/opt/${APPLICATION}_version.txt
```

---

## 6. **Input and output management**

### 6.1 **User feedback**

- Use standard functions like `msg_info`, `msg_ok` or `msg_error` to print status messages.
- Each `msg_info` must be followed with a `msg_ok` before any other output is made.
- Display meaningful progress messages at key stages.
- Taking user input with `read -p` must be outside of `msg_info`...`msg_ok` code block

Example:

```bash
msg_info "Installing Dependencies"
$STD apt-get install -y ...
msg_ok "Installed Dependencies"

read -p "${TAB3}Do you wish to enable HTTPS mode? (y/N): " httpschoice
```

### 6.2 **Verbosity**

- Use the appropiate flag (**-q** in the examples) for a command to suppres its output
Example:

```bash
wget -q
unzip -q
```

- If a command dose not come with such a functionality use `$STD` (a custom standard redirection variable) for managing output verbosity.

Example:

```bash
$STD apt-get install -y nginx
```

---

## 7. **String/File Manipulation**

### 7.1 **File Manipulation**

- Use `sed` to replace placeholder values in configuration files.

Example:

```bash
sed -i -e "s|^DB_DATABASE=.*|DB_DATABASE=$DB_NAME|" \
       -e "s|^DB_USERNAME=.*|DB_USERNAME=$DB_USER|" \
       -e "s|^DB_PASSWORD=.*|DB_PASSWORD=$DB_PASS|" .env
```

---

## 8. **Security practices**

### 8.1 **Password generation**

- Use `openssl` to generate random passwords.
- Use only alphanumeric values to not introduce unknown behaviour.

Example:

```bash
DB_PASS=$(openssl rand -base64 18 | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' | head -c13)
```

### 8.2 **File permissions**

Explicitly set secure ownership and permissions for sensitive files.

Example:

```bash
chown -R www-data: /opt/snipe-it
chmod -R 755 /opt/snipe-it
```

---

## 9. **Service Configuration**

### 9.1 **Configuration files**

Use `cat <<EOF` to write configuration files in a clean and readable way.

Example:

```bash
cat <<EOF >/etc/nginx/conf.d/snipeit.conf
server {
    listen 80;
    root /opt/snipe-it/public;
    index index.php;
}
EOF
```

### 9.2 **Credential management**

Store the generated credentials in a file.

Example:

```bash
USERNAME=username
PASSWORD=$(openssl rand -base64 18 | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' | head -c13)
{
    echo "Application-Credentials"
    echo "Username: $USERNAME"
    echo "Password: $PASSWORD"
} >> ~/application.creds
```

### 9.3 **Enviroment files**

Use `cat <<EOF` to write enviromental files in a clean and readable way.

Example:

```bash
cat <<EOF >/path/to/.env
VARIABLE="value"
PORT=3000
DB_NAME="${DB_NAME}"
EOF
```

### 9.4 **Services**

Enable affected services after configuration changes and start them right away.

Example:

```bash
systemctl enable -q --now nginx
```

---

## 10. **Cleanup**

### 10.1 **Remove temporary files**

Remove temporary files and downloads after use.

Example:

```bash
rm -rf /opt/v${RELEASE}.zip
```

### 10.2 **Autoremove and autoclean**

Remove unused dependencies to reduce disk space usage.

Example:

```bash
apt-get -y autoremove
apt-get -y autoclean
```

---

## 11. **Best Practices Checklist**

- [ ] Shebang is correctly set (`#!/usr/bin/env bash`).
- [ ] Metadata (author, license) is included at the top.
- [ ] Variables follow naming conventions.
- [ ] Sensitive values are dynamically generated.
- [ ] Files and services have proper permissions.
- [ ] Script cleans up temporary files.

---

### Example: High-Level Script Flow

1. Dependencies installation
2. Database setup
3. Download and configure application
4. Service configuration
5. Final cleanup
